{"id":83,"date":"2012-11-21T15:32:02","date_gmt":"2012-11-21T14:32:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/explainit.pl\/blog\/?p=83"},"modified":"2016-08-09T21:03:10","modified_gmt":"2016-08-09T19:03:10","slug":"oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/2012\/11\/21\/oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like\/","title":{"rendered":"Oracle Database &#8211; indeks B*-drzewo a operator LIKE"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Czy indeks B*-drzewo mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cyty do wyszukiwania opartego na predykacie LIKE? To zale\u017cy. Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 planom wykonania dw\u00f3ch zapyta\u0144 do przyk\u0142adowej tabeli DUZA_TEKSTOWA (16 tysi\u0119cy rekord\u00f3w, niepowtarzalne warto\u015bci w kolumnie tekstowej A).<\/p>\n<p><code>SQL&gt; create index demo_idx1 on duza_tekstowa(a);<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nSQL&gt; select * from duza_tekstowa where a like 'abcd%';<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nPlan wykonywania<br \/>\n-----------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| Id | Operation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|<br \/>\n-----------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| 0\u00a0 | SELECT STATEMENT |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 1 \u00a0\u00a0 | 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 2 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n|* 1 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | DEMO_IDX1 | 1\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 7\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 2 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n-----------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\nStatystyki<br \/>\n----------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n127 recursive calls<br \/>\n0 db block gets<br \/>\n18 consistent gets<br \/>\n0 physical reads<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nSQL&gt; select * from duza_tekstowa where a like '%abcd';<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nPlan wykonywania<br \/>\n---------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| Id | Operation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|<br \/>\n---------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| 0\u00a0 | SELECT STATEMENT |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 819\u00a0 | 5733\u00a0 | 10 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n|* 1 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| DUZA_TEKSTOWA | 819\u00a0 | 5733\u00a0 | 10 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n---------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\nStatystyki<br \/>\n----------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n1 recursive calls<br \/>\n0 db block gets<br \/>\n32 consistent gets<br \/>\n0 physical reads<\/code><\/p>\n<p>W pierwszym przypadku (like \u2018abcd%\u2019) zosta\u0142 u\u017cyty indeks B*-drzewo oparty na kolumnie A. To do\u015b\u0107 oczywiste, gdy\u017c tego typu zapytanie prefiksowe to w istocie selekcja zakresowa \u2013 taka sama jak wykonywana operatorem BETWEEN. Selektywno\u015b\u0107 podanego predykatu by\u0142a wystarczaj\u0105co dobra, aby op\u0142aca\u0142o si\u0119 u\u017cy\u0107 indeksu.<\/p>\n<p>W przypadku drugim (like \u2018%abcd\u2019) indeks nie zosta\u0142 u\u017cyty, bo nie m\u00f3g\u0142 by\u0107 u\u017cyty. Uporz\u0105dkowana leksykograficznie struktura li\u015bci indeksu B*-drzewo nijak nie wspomaga tzw. wyszukiwania postfiksowego. Podobnie by\u0142oby w sytuacji wyszukiwania wed\u0142ug fragmentu ci\u0105gu (np. \u2018like \u2018%abcd%\u2019).<\/p>\n<p>Czy zatem nie ma \u017cadnego sposobu na wykorzystanie indeksu B*-drzewo do wyszukiwania postfiksowego (like \u2018%abcd\u2019)? Spr\u00f3bujmy utworzy\u0107 indeks funkcyjny oparty na funkcji REVERSE, a zapytanie postfiksowe zamie\u0144my na prefiksowe (like reverse(\u2018abcd\u2019)||\u2018%\u2019). Dzia\u0142a?<\/p>\n<p><code>SQL&gt; create index demo_idx2 on duza_tekstowa(reverse(a));<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nSQL&gt; select * from duza_tekstowa where reverse(a) like reverse('abcd')||'%';<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nPlan wykonywania<br \/>\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| Id | Operation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|<br \/>\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| 0\u00a0 | SELECT STATEMENT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | 819\u00a0 | 5733\u00a0 | 9 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n| 1\u00a0 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DUZA_TEKSTOWA | 819\u00a0 | 5733\u00a0 | 9 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n|* 2 | INDEX RANGE SCAN\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | DEMO_IDX2\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 147\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 2 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\nStatystyki<br \/>\n----------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n24 recursive calls<br \/>\n0 db block gets<br \/>\n4 consistent gets<br \/>\n1 physical reads<\/code><\/p>\n<p>A co z wyszukiwaniem wed\u0142ug fragmentu ci\u0105gu (np. \u2018like \u2018%abcd%\u2019)? Tutaj \u017cadne sztuczki z indeksem B*-drzewo nie pomog\u0105. Trzeba si\u0119gn\u0105\u0107 po specjalizowane indeksy tekstowe i operatory tekstowe Oracle Text. Np. taki:<\/p>\n<p><code>SQL&gt; create index demo_idx3 on duza_tekstowa(a) indextype is ctxsys.context;<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nSQL&gt; select * from duza_tekstowa where contains(a,'abcd')&gt;0;<br \/>\n...<br \/>\nPlan wykonywania<br \/>\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| Id | Operation\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Name\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | Rows | Bytes | Cost (%CPU)|<br \/>\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<br \/>\n| 0\u00a0 | SELECT STATEMENT\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 | 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 56\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 5 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n| 1\u00a0 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| DUZA_TEKSTOWA | 8\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 56\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | 5 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n|* 2 | DOMAIN INDEX\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 | DEMO_IDX3\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0 | 4 (0)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 |<br \/>\n-------------------------------------------------------------------------------<\/code><\/p>\n<p><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml>\n<o:DocumentProperties>\n<o:Version>12.00<\/o:Version>\n<\/o:DocumentProperties>\n<\/xml><![endif]--><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- [if gte mso 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To zale\u017cy. Przyjrzyjmy si\u0119 planom wykonania dw\u00f3ch zapyta\u0144 do przyk\u0142adowej tabeli DUZA_TEKSTOWA (16 tysi\u0119cy rekord\u00f3w, niepowtarzalne warto\u015bci w kolumnie tekstowej A). SQL&gt; create index demo_idx1 on duza_tekstowa(a); &#8230; SQL&gt; select * from duza_tekstowa where a like 'abcd%&#8217;; &#8230; Plan wykonywania &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211; | Id <a href=\"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/2012\/11\/21\/oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like\/\" rel=\"nofollow\"><span class=\"sr-only\">Read more about Oracle Database &#8211; indeks B*-drzewo a operator LIKE<\/span>[&hellip;]<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[2],"tags":[10],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v20.2.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Oracle Database - indeks B*-drzewo a operator LIKE - Explain IT<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Oracle Database - indeks B*-drzewo a operator LIKE\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/2012\/11\/21\/oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"pl_PL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Oracle Database - indeks B*-drzewo a operator LIKE - Explain IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Oracle Database - indeks B*-drzewo a operator LIKE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/2012\/11\/21\/oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Explain IT\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2012-11-21T14:32:02+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2016-08-09T19:03:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Maciej Zakrzewicz\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Napisane przez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Maciej Zakrzewicz\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Szacowany czas czytania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minuty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/2012\/11\/21\/oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/2012\/11\/21\/oracle-database-indeks-b-drzewo-a-operator-like\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Maciej Zakrzewicz\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/explainit.pl\/wordpress\/#\/schema\/person\/740773131bc169a2dc9c0e5e07476219\"},\"headline\":\"Oracle Database &#8211; 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